Definition
Preload is the intentional internal force applied to a bearing before it begins operation. It serves to eliminate clearance between the rolling elements and raceways, ensuring stable shaft positioning.
Features
- Reduces or completely eliminates axial and radial clearance
- Increases bearing stiffness
- Improves running accuracy and positioning precision
- Minimizes vibration and noise
- Enhances stability at high rotational speeds
- If incorrectly set, it can increase friction and temperature
Applications
- Precision machine tools and spindles
- Angular contact ball bearings mounted in pairs
- Aerospace and space applications
- High-speed electric motors
- Applications requiring high stiffness and accuracy
- Mechanisms where clearance control is critical
Conclusion
Preload is a key parameter affecting bearing precision, stability, and service life. Proper preload improves performance, while incorrect preload can lead to overheating and premature wear.
